Tantangan dan Strategi Kepemimpinan pada Era Virtual di Indonesia
Abstract
Akhir-akhir ini perusahaan/organisasi mengalami tuntutan yang semakin besar untuk mengadopsi sistem kerja virtual. Tuntutan ini tentunya mensyaratkan adanya kebutuhan penyesuaian cara kerja termasuk bagaimana seorang pemimpin menjalankan kepemimpinannya. Hal ini dikarenakan memimpin dalam situasi kerja virtual berpotensi menimbulkan berbagai permasalahan apabila tidak berhasil dikelola dengan baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi tantangan-tantangan yang dipersepsikan pemimpin ketika memimpin secara virtual, serta mengeksplorasi beragam strategi yang telah diterapkan pemimpin dalam menghadapi situasi tersebut. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan desain penelitian kualitatif. Sebanyak empat orang pimpinan perusahaan terlibat dalam penelitian ini. Data dikumpulkan melalui proses wawancara dan dianalisis secara tematik. Hasil penelitian mengindikasikan beragam tantangan dalam menjalankan kepemimpinan virtual, meliputi: (1) kesulitan melakukan monitoring pekerjaan; (2) kesulitan dalam menjalin komunikasi; (3) keterbatasan fasilitas komunikasi virtual; (4) kesulitan membangun budaya organisasi; dan (5) kesulitan membangun komitmen. Berbagai strategi yang telah diterapkan untuk mengatasi tantangan tersebut, meliputi: (1) pembuatan kesepakatan kerja; (2) pelaksanaan koordinasi berkala; (3) pengembangan sistem kerja terdigitalisasi; (4) penciptaan budaya kerja yang berorientasi pada output; dan (5) membangun team building. Hasil penelitian ini mengindikasikan pentingnya bagi perusahaan untuk memperhatikan tantangan dan strategi tersebut agar mampu menjalankan kepemimpinan virtual secara efektif.
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