Compassion for Trauma: Role of Self Compassion in Posttraumatic Growth of Fatherless among Orphanage Adolescents

  • Annisa Zaenab Nur Fitria Universitas Surabaya

Abstract

Individuals who have self-compassion tend to have more positive thoughts regarding traumatic experiences, which in turn will relate to better emotional outcomes. The struggles of individuals with great challenges in the life crisis will result in a positive change experience called posttraumatic growth (PTG). The study aims to see the relationship between self-compassion and posttraumatic growth in adolescence who have been fatherless (because of death) and living in the orphanage. The study participants were 100 adolescences (57 males and 43 females) aged 12-15 years. The selfcompassion variable is measured by Self-Compassion Scale (Neff, 2003), whereas posttraumatic growth variables are measured by the Post Traumatic Growth Inventory (Tedeschi & Calhoun, 1996) through the adaptation process. The results showed that there was a positive relationship between self-compassion and posttraumatic growth in adolescence that stayed in the orphanage (R = 0.252, p <0.01). In this research, the self-compassion aspect that the most impact for posttraumatic growth is self kindness (r = 0,351, p < 0.001) and common humanity (r = 0,303, p < 0.001).

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Akuba, C. A. (2014). Pengaruh Pelatihan Pemaafan terhadap Peningkatan Optimisme pada Remaja yang Tinggal di Panti Asuhan. Prosiding Psikologi.
Almedom, A. (2005). Resilience, hardiness, sense of coherence, and posttraumatic growth: All paths leading to "light at the end of the tunnel". Journal of Loss and Trauma. Vol 10, No 3. Francis Online.
Armis, A. (2016). Manajemen Panti Asuhan At-Taqwa Muhammadiyah dalam Membina Kepribadian Siswa MTS Muhammadiyah Padang Luar Kecamatan Rambatan Kabupaten Tanah Datar. Al-Fikrah, 3(2), 137
Berk, L. E. (2012). Development Trought The Lifespam; Dari prenatal sampai Remaja (Transisi Menjelang dewasa). Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.
Bhatnagar, R. dkk. (2014). Candidate surveys on program evaluation: Examining instrument reliability, validity and program effectiveness. American Journal of Educational Research, 2(8), 683-690.
Bluth, K. (2013). Mindfulness and Self-Compassion: Exploring Pathways to Adolescent Emotional Well-Being. J Child Fam Stud.
Boyraz, G. (2015). Accepting Death as Part of Life: Meaning in Life as a Means for Dealing with Loss Among Bereaved Individuals . Death Studies , 1-11.
Breines, J. G., & Chen, S. (2012). Self-compassion increases self-improvement motivation. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 38(9), 1133-1143.
Buxton, A. (2011). Posttraumatic Growth in Survivors of Breast Cancer: The Role of Dispositional Optimism, Coping Strategies, and Psychosocial Interventions. Tesis. Kanada : Department of Adult Education and Counselling Psychology University of Toronto.
Calhoun,L. G., & Tedeschi, R. G. (2001). Posttraumatic growth: The positive lessons of loss. In R. A Neimeyer (Ed.),Meaning reconstruction and the experience of loss (pp. 157-172). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

Calhoun, L. G., & Tedeschi, R. G. (2004). The foundations of posttraumatic growth: New considerations. Psychological Inquiry, 15, 93-102.

Calhoun, L. G., & Tedeschi, R. G.(Eds.). (2006). Handbook of Posttraumatic Growth: Research and Practice. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.

Calhoun, L. G., Tedeschi, R. G., Cann, A., & McMillan, J. (2000). A correlational test of the relationship between posttraumatic growth, religion, and cognitive processing. Journal of Traumatic Stress,13, 521-527.
Cann,A.,Calhoun,L. G., Tedeschi,R.G.,Kilmer, R.P.,Gil-Rivas, V., Vishnevsky, T.,& Danhauer,S. C. (in press). The Core Beliefs Inventory: A Brief Measure of Disruption in the Assumptive World. Anxiety, Stress, & Coping.

Cohen, R. & Swerdlik, M. (2005). Psychological testing and assessment: An introduction to tests and measurement, 6th edition. McGraw-Hill International.
Corey, Gerald. (2010). Teori dan Praktek Konseling dan Psikoterapi. Bandung: Refika Aditamad.

Dahm, K. A., Meyer, E. C., Neff, K. D., Kimbrel, N. A., Gulliver, S. B., & Morissette, S. B. (2015). Mindfulness, self-compassion, posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, and functional disability in US Iraq and Afghanistan war veterans. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 28(5), 460–464
Davis, G. C. (1998). Psychiatric sequelae of posttrau-matic stress disorder in women. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 81-87.

Dewayani, V. (2015). Hubungan Antara Trait Kepribadian “The Big Five Personality” Dengan Self Compassion (Studi Korelasi Pada Relawan Pendamping Odha Di WPA “Warga Peduli Aids” Kebon Pisang Kota Bandung ). Prosiding Psikologi.

Elliott, J. B. (2000). Prevalence, Characteristics, and Long-Term Sequelae of Natural Disaster Exposure in the General Population. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 661-679.
Evers, A. (2000). Beyond unfavorable thinking: the illness cognition questionnaire for chronic diseases. J Consult Clin Psychology.
Geldard, Kathryn, David Geldard. (2011). Konseling Remaja: Pendekatan Proaktif Anak Muda EdisiKetiga, translated by. Eka Adinugraha. Pustaka Pelajar: Yogyakarta.
Gillbert, P. (2009). Introducing compassion-focused therapy. Advances in Psychiatric Treatment, 15, 199–208, doi: 10.1192/apt.bp.107.005264
Gray LB, Weller RA, Fristad M, Weller EB. (2011) Depression in children and adolescents two months after the death of a parent. J Affect Disord. 135(1-3):277-283.
Greene, N. (2017). Gratitude, Psychological Well-Being, and Perceptions of Posttraumatic Growth in Adults who Lost a Parent in Childhood. Death Studies .
Heffernan, M. (2010). Self-compassion and emotional intelligence . International Journal of Nursing Practice, 366–373.
Hidayati, N. L. (2014). Hubungan antara self-esteem dengan resiliensi pada remaja di Panti Asuhan Keluarga Yatim Muhammadiyah Surakarta. Prosiding Psikologi.
Hirooka, K. (2016). Posttraumatic Growth Among Japanese Parentally Bereaved Adolescents: A Web-Based Survey. American Journal of Hospice , 1-7.
Hurlock, E. B. (2014). Perkembangan Anak .
Jarden, A. (2009). Posttraumatic Growth: an introduction and review. Journal NZCCP. http://www.aaronjarden.com/uploads/3/8/0/4/3804146/2009_-_posttraumatic_growth_-_an_introduction_and_review.pdf.
Joseph, S., & Linley, P. A. (2006). Growth following adversity: Theoretical perspectives and implications for clinical practice. Clinical Psychology Review, 26, 1041–1053.
Kartika, R. (2018). Data Statistik. Diambil kembali dari Anak Yatim di Indonesia Capai 3,2 Juta: ttps://nasional.republika.co.id/berita/nasional/umum/13/04/01/mkk1kp-anak-yatim-di-indonesia-capai-32-juta
Kawitri. (2018). Hubungan Antara Self Compassion dengan Alienasi pada Remaja. Jurnal Ilmu Perilaku, 1-24.
Kilmer, R. P. (2014). Posttraumatic Growth in Children and Youth: Clinical Implications of an Emerging Research Literature. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 506-518.
Klingle, K. E. (2017). Self-Compassion From the Adolescent Perspective: A Qualitative Study. Journal of Adolescent Research, 1-24.
Kloep M, Lancaster SL, Rodriguez BF, Weston R., (2013). Event centrality, posttraumatic cognitions, and the experience of posttraumatic growth. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment, & Trauma. Vol 22, No 4.
Leary, M. R. (2007). Promoting self-compassionate attitudes toward eating among restrictive and guilty eaters. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology,26, 1120-1144.
Liliana, A .W. (2009). Gambaran Kelekatan (attachment) Remaja Akhir Putri Dengan Ibu (Studi Kasus). Skipsi (tidak diterbitkan). Depok. Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Gunadarma.
Linley, P. A. & Joseph. S. (2004). Positive change following trauma and adversity: A review. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 17 (1), 11-21, doi:10.1023/B:JOTS.0000014671.27856.7e
Marsh, I. C. (2018). Self-compassion and Psychological Distress in Adolescents—a Meta-analysis. Mindfulness, 1011–1027.
Melhem, N. M., Walker, M., Moritz, G., & Brent, D. A. (2008). Antecedents and sequelae of sudden parental death in offspring and surviving caregivers. Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent
Meyerson, D. A. (2011). Posttraumatic growth among children and adolescents: A systematic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 949–964.
Morris, B., Shakespeare-Finch, J., Rieck, M., & Newbery, J. (2005). Multidimentional nature of posttraumatic growth in an Australian population. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 18, 575-585.
Muttaqin, D. & Fitria, A. (2019). Validitas SCS Versi Indonesia: Struktur Faktor, Reliabilitas dan Validitas Konvergen (inpress).
Napitupulu, C. A. (2009). Resiliensi Remaja Yatim Piatu Di Panti Asuhan Mardi Siwi Kalasan Yogyakarta. Prosiding Psikologi.

Neff, K. D. (2003b). The development and validation of a scale to measure self-compassion. Self and Identity, 2 (3), 223-250, doi:10.1080/15298860309032

Neff, K. D. (2011a). Self-compassion, self-esteem, and well-being. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 5 (1), 1-12, doi:10.1111/j.1751-9004.2010.00330.x
Neuman, W. L. (2014). Social research methods: Qualitative and quantitative methods, 7th edition. UK: Pearson Education Ltd.
Park, C. L. & Fenster, J. R. (2004). Stress-related growth: Predictors of occurrence and correlates with psychological adjustment. Jurnal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 23(2), 195-215, doi:10.1521/jscp.23.2.195.31019
Patterson, D. R. (2010). Virtual Reality Hypnosis for Pain Associated With Recovery From Physical Trauma. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis , 288-300.
Praptomojati, A. & Fitria, A. (2019). Validitas PTGI Versi Indonesia: Struktur Faktor, reliabilitas, dan Validitas Konvergen (in press).
Priskila. (2016). Studi Deskriptif Mengenai Derajat Self Compassion pada Remaja Awal Panti Asuhan "X" di Kota Pekanbaru. Jurnal Ilmu Perilaku, 1-27.
Rahmawati, B. D. (2018). Gambaran Resiliensi Psikologis Remaja Panti Asuhan (Preprint). Jurnal Ilmu Perilaku , 1-12.
Reich DB, Winternitz S, Hennen J, et al. (2010) A preliminary study of risperidone in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder related to childhood abuse in women. J Clin Psychiatry 2004;65:1601–1606.
Republika, P. (2017). Data Statistik Anak Yatim di Indonesia . Diambil kembali dari Laman pers Republika
Rosenheck, A. F. (1998). Psychological Benefits and Liabilities of Traumatic Exposure in the War Zone. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 485-503.
Santrock, J. W. (2013). Life Span Development.
Schaefer, J. A. & Moos, R. H. (1992). Life crises and personal growth. In B. N. Carpenter (Ed.), Personal Coping: Theory, Research, And Application. Westport: Praeger Publisher.
Schnurr, P, et al., 2007, Cognitive behavioral therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder in women, Journal of American Medical Association, vol. 297, pp. 820-830.
Scoglio, A. A. J., Rudat, D. A., Garvert, D., Jarmolowski, M., Jackson, C., & Herman, J. L. (2015). Self-compassion and responses to trauma: the role of emotion regulation. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 1-21, doi:10.1177/0886260515622296

Shakespeare-Finch, J., & Enders, T. (2008). Corroborating evidence of posttraumatic growth. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 21, 421-424.

Siaputra, I. B. dan Natalya, L. (2016). Teori dan praktik: cara asyik belajar pengukuran psikologis. Surabaya: Buku tidak diterbitkan.

Suminar, E. (2015). Konsep Diri, Konformitas dan Perilaku Konsumtif pada Remaja. Persona, Jurnal Psikologi Indonesia, 145-152.
Tedeschi, R. G. & Calhoun, L. G. (1996). The posttraumatic growth inventory: Measuring the positive legacy of trauma. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 9(3), 455-471, doi:10.1002/jts.2490090305

Tedeschi, R. G. & Calhoun, L. G. (2004). Posttraumatic growth: Conceptual foundation and empirical evidence. Psychological Inquiry, 15(1), 1-18, doi: 10.1207/s15327965pli1501_01

Tedeschi, R.G., & Calhoun, L.G. (1995). Trauma and transformation: Growing in the aftermath of suffering. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.

Tedeschi, R.G., & Calhoun, L.G. (1996). The Posttraumatic Growth Inventory: Measuring the positive legacy of trauma. ,Journal of Traumatic Stress, 9, 455-471.

Tedeschi, R. G., & Calhoun, L. G. (2004). Posttraumatic growth: Conceptual foundations and empirical evidence. Psychological Inquiry, 15,1-18.

Tedeschi,R. G.,& Calhoun,L. G. (2004). Helping bereaved parents: A clinician's guide. New York: Brunner - Routledge.

Tedeschi,R. G., & Calhoun, L. G. (2009). The clinician as expert companion. In C. L. Park, S.C. Lechner, M. H. Antoni, & A Stanton (Eds.) Medical illness and positive life change: Can crisis lead to personal transformation (pp. 215-235) Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

Tricahyani, I. A. R., & Widiasavitri, P. N. (2016). Hubungan Antara Dukungan Sosial Dengan Penyesuaian Diri Pada Remaja Awal Di Panti Asuhan Kota Denpasar. Jurnal Psikologi Udayana, 3(3).
Urbayatun, S. (2012). Peran dukungan sosial, koping religius-islami dan stress terhadap pertumbuhan pasca trauma (posttraumatic growth) pada penyintas gempa yang mengalami cacat fisik. (Disertasi tidak terpublikasi). Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta.
Valdez, C. E. & Lilly, M. M. (2016). Self-compassion and trauma processing outcomes among victims of
Werner, K. H., Jazaieri, H., Goldin, P. R., Ziv, M., Heimberg, R. G., Gross, J. J. (2012). Self-compassion and social anxiety disorder. Anxiety, Stress & Coping, 25 (5), 543-558.
Wolchik, S. A. (2009). Six-Year Longitudinal Predictors of Posttraumatic Growth in Parentally Bereaved Adolescents and Young Adults. Omega (Westport), 107–128.
Wong, C. C. (2017). Self-compassion and Posttraumatic Growth: Cognitive Processes as Mediators. Mindfulness, 1078–1087.
Published
2024-08-06
How to Cite
FITRIA, Annisa Zaenab Nur. Compassion for Trauma: Role of Self Compassion in Posttraumatic Growth of Fatherless among Orphanage Adolescents. Jurnal Ilmu Perilaku, [S.l.], v. 8, n. 1, p. 22-32, aug. 2024. ISSN 2581-0421. Available at: <http://jip.fk.unand.ac.id/index.php/jip/article/view/509>. Date accessed: 28 oct. 2024. doi: https://doi.org/10.25077/jip.8.1.22-32.2024.