Budaya dan Perilaku Berjudi: Kasus Tajen Di Bali

  • Nyoman Trisna Aryanata Program Studi Psikologi Institut Ilmu Kesehatan Medika Persada Bali

Abstract

Gambling has long been comprehended as activities involving money wagering or other belongings for random or uncertain outcomes and causes the risk to chains of problems to the individuals, ranged from financial problems, psychological problems, and interpersonal problems. Maladaptive gambling behavior has also been classified in DSM-IV, named as pathological gambling (312.31), and is considered as illegal practice in many countries, including Indonesia. Gambling activities as a tradition also exist in various cultures, such as ‘tajen’ in Bali, Indonesia. ‘Tajen’ is a cockfighting tradition and a part of religious rituals in Bali. This has resulted in a unique problem regarding to its cultural and legal context, while the risk to psychological problems (such as pathological gambling) cannot be disregarded. Using the case of Tajen in Bali, this paper also discusses the influences of culture to gambling behavior and its legal complexity.


 

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Abt, V., & McGurrin, M. C. (1992). Commercial gambling and values in American society: The social construction of risk. Journal of Gambling Studies, 8, 413-420.

Abt, V., McGurrin, M. C., & Smith, J. F. (1985). Toward a synoptic model of gambling behavior. Journal of Gambling Behaviour, 1, 79 – 88.

American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th Ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.

Andrianto, H. (2003). Perjudian sabung ayam di Bali. Tesis. Jakarta: Program Studi Kajian Ilmu Kepolisian, Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Indonesia.

Bali Post. (2008a, 30 Juni). Polisi bubarkan tajen di Mungguna Tihingan. Bali Post. Diakses dari http://www.balipost.co.id/mediadetail.php?module=detailberita& kid=2&id=1466

Bali Post. (2009, 5 September). Setahun Bali mandara: Pedanda Gunung tanya janji legalkan tajen. Bali Post. Diakses dari http://www.balipost.co.id/mediadetail.php?module=detailberita&kid=10&id=19310

Bali Post. (2008b, 17 September). Polsek Gianyar bubarkan tajen. Bali Post. Diakses dari http://www.balipost.co.id/mediadetail.php?module=detailberita&kid=2&id =4950

Bali Post. (2010a, 17 Juni). Kapolres diadili: DPRD minta tindak tegas tajen & kafe. Bali Post. Diakses dari http://www.balipost.co.id/mediadetail.php? module=detailberita&kid=2&id=37257

Bali Post. (2010b, 13 September 2010). Tajen diperdakan, Bali pulau judi. Bali Post. Diakses dari http://www.balipost.co.id/mediadetail.php?module=detailberita& kid=10&id=41679

Bali Post. (2010c, 14 September 2010). Tajen tak perlu diperdakan. Bali Post. Diakses dari http://www.balipost.co.id/mediadetail.php?module=detailberita& kid=10&id=41747

Binde, P. (2005). Gambling across cultures: Mapping worldwide occurrence and learning from ethnographic comparison. International Gambling Studies, 1(6), 1-27.

Breen, H. (2011). Risk and protective factors associated with gambling consequences for indigenous Australians in North Queensland. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 1-15. doi: 10.1007/s11469-011-9315-8

Culin, S. (1924). The game of ma-jong. Brooklyn Museum Quarterly, xi, 153-168.

Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan. (1984). Permainan rakyat daerah Bali. Jakarta: Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Indonesia.

Devereux, E.C. (1979). Gambling. In J.J. Ponzetti. The International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences, Vol. 17. New York: Macmillan.

Dickerson, M., Allcock, C., Blaszczynski, A., Nicholls, B., Williams, J., & Maddern, R. (1996). A preliminary exploration of the positive and negative impacts of gambling and wagering on Aboriginal people in NSW. Sydney: Australian Institute of Gambling Research.

Geertz, C. (1973). The Interpretation of Cultures. In C. Geertz. Notes on the Balinese cock fight (pp. 412-453). New York, NY: Basic Books.

Hunter, E., & Spargo, R. (1988). What’s the big deal? Aboriginal gambling in the Kimberley region. The Medical Journal of Australia, 149, 668–672.

Hofstede, G., Hofstede, G.J. (2005). Cultures and organizations : Software of the mind. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Kaare, P.R., Mõttus, R., & Konstabel, K. (2009). Pathological gambling in Estonia: Relationships with personality, self-esteem, emotional states and cognitive ability. Journal of Gambling Studies, 25(3), 377-390. doi: 10.1007/s10899-009-9119-y

McDonald, H., & Wombo, B. (2006). Indigenous gambling scoping study: A summary. Darwin: Charles Darwin University.

National Research Council. (1999). Pathological gambling: A critical review. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

Raylu, N., & Oei, T. P. S. (2002). Pathological gambling: A comprehensive review. Clinical Psychology Review, 22, 1009-1061.

Raylu, N., & Oei, T. P. S. (2004). Role of culture in gambling and problem gambling. Clinical Psychology Review 23, 1087-1114.

Schreiber, L., Odlaug, B. L., Suck Won, K., & Grant, J. E. (2009). Characteristics of pathological gamblers with a problem gambling parent. [Article]. American Journal on Addictions, 18(6), 462-469. doi: 10.3109/10550490903206007

Tang, C.S., Wu, A.M.S., & Tang, J.Y.C. (2006). Gender differences in characteristics of Chinese treatment-seeking problem gamblers. Journal of Gambling Studies. doi: 10.1007/s10899-006-9054-0

Thomson, W.N. (2010). The international encyclopedia of gambling. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO, LLC.

Westermeyer, J. (1999). The role of cultural and social factors in the cause of addictive disorders. The Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 22, 253-273.

Williams, R. J., & Wood, R. T. (2007, July 20). Internet Gambling: A Comprehensive Review and Synthesis of the Literature. Report prepared for the Ontario Problem Gambling Research Centre, Guelph, Ontario, CANADA.

Young, M., & Stevens, M. (2009). Reported gambling problems in the Indigenous and total Australian population. Melbourne: Gambling Research Australia.
Published
2017-08-01
How to Cite
ARYANATA, Nyoman Trisna. Budaya dan Perilaku Berjudi: Kasus Tajen Di Bali. Jurnal Ilmu Perilaku, [S.l.], v. 1, n. 1, p. 11-21, aug. 2017. ISSN 2581-0421. Available at: <http://jip.fk.unand.ac.id/index.php/jip/article/view/16>. Date accessed: 18 apr. 2024. doi: https://doi.org/10.25077/jip.1.1.11-21.2017.